Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Unified Model of Fuel Cell, Battery, Ultracapacitor and Induction Motor Based Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The public awareness about global warming, emission of green-house gases and depletion natural resources like oil gas, are the main factors due to which fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FHEVs) have attained importance in automotive industry. Hard driving conditions steep areas, slippery roads rough terrains boost up nonlinearities present vehicle’s model. considered unified mathematical model FHEV is based on as a primary source, ultracapacitor battery storage units well induction motor dynamics. variations parameters resistance, capacitance, inductance dynamical system also been considered. Three adaptation nonlinear controllers namely adaptive terminal sliding mode, synergetic proposed for regulation DC bus voltage along with speed tracking when subjected European extra urban cycle. Lyapunov stability theory has used ensure asymptotic system. Proposed simulated MATLAB/Simulink, where their comparison presented each other recently literature. Furthermore, ATSMC further implemented real-time microcontroller hardware loop setup. experimental results show that it provides better performance.